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Narcissistic Personality Inventory
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Author Details
Robert Raskin and Howard Hall
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is a self-report inventory that measures narcissism as a personality trait. It was developed by psychologists Robert Raskin and Howard Hall in 1979. The NPI consists of 40 items, each of which describes a personality trait. Respondents are asked to indicate how well each item describes them, using a 4-point scale. The NPI yields a total score, as well as scores on four subscales:
- Grandiose Exhibitionism: This subscale measures the extent to which individuals believe they are special and unique, and that they deserve special treatment.
- Exploitativeness/Entitlement: This subscale measures the extent to which individuals believe they are entitled to special treatment and that they can take advantage of others without feeling guilty.
- Lack of Empathy: This subscale measures the extent to which individuals lack empathy for others and are unable to put themselves in the shoes of others.
- Hypersensitivity: This subscale measures the extent to which individuals are easily offended and react with anger or resentment when they are criticized or challenged.
The NPI was developed based on the DSM-III criteria for narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). However, the NPI is not a diagnostic tool for NPD. The NPI is a measure of narcissism as a personality trait, not as a disorder.
The NPI has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of narcissism. It has been used in numerous studies of narcissism in both clinical and non-clinical settings. The NPI is also used in many organizations as a part of the hiring process.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is a self-report inventory that measures narcissism as a personality trait. To administer the NPI, you will need the following materials:
- A copy of the NPI
- A pen or pencil for each participant
- A quiet room where participants can complete the inventory without interruption
Here are the steps on how to administer the NPI:
- Explain to the participants that you are administering a personality inventory that measures narcissism.
- Instruct the participants to read each item of the inventory and indicate how well each item describes them, using a 4-point scale:
- 1 = Strongly disagree
- 2 = Disagree
- 3 = Agree
- 4 = Strongly agree
- Allow the participants enough time to complete the inventory.
- Collect the inventories once the participants have finished.
Reliability and Validity
The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is a self-report inventory that measures narcissism as a personality trait. It is one of the most widely used measures of narcissism. The NPI has been shown to be reliable and valid.
Reliability refers to the consistency of the scores on the NPI. The NPI has good test-retest reliability, meaning that scores on the NPI are consistent over time. The NPI has also been shown to have good internal consistency, meaning that the items on the NPI are all measuring the same thing.
Validity refers to the extent to which the NPI measures what it is supposed to measure. The NPI has been shown to be valid in several ways. First, the NPI has been shown to correlate with other measures of narcissism. Second, the NPI has been shown to be predictive of certain behaviors, such as exploitativeness and entitlement.
Available Versions
40-Items
16-Items
Reference
Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590-597.
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890-902.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the NPI?
The NPI is a self-report inventory that measures narcissism as a personality trait.
How many items are there in the NPI?
There are 40 items in the NPI.
What are the subscales of the NPI?
The NPI has four subscales: Grandiose Exhibitionism, Exploitativeness/Entitlement, Lack of Empathy, and Hypersensitivity.
How do you score the NPI?
You can score the NPI by following the instructions in the NPI manual.
Where can I find the NPI?
The NPI is available for purchase from the publisher, Mind Garden.
Is the NPI a reliable and valid measure of narcissism?
Yes, the NPI is a reliable and valid measure of narcissism.
What are the limitations of the NPI?
The NPI is a self-report inventory, which means that it is susceptible to bias. Additionally, the NPI does not measure all aspects of narcissism.
What are some of the uses of the NPI?
The NPI can be used in research and clinical settings to measure narcissism. Additionally, the NPI can be used to predict a variety of behaviors, such as exploitativeness, entitlement, and hypersensitivity.
What is the difference between the NPI and the NPI-16?
The NPI-16 is a shorter version of the NPI that has been shown to be just as valid and reliable as the full 40-item version.
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