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Computer Anxiety Rating Scale
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About Scale Name
Scale Name
Computer Anxiety Rating Scale
Author Details
Robert K. Heinssen, Charles R. Glass, and Linda A. Knight
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The CARS was developed in 1987 by Robert K. Heinssen, Charles R. Glass, and Linda A. Knight. It is a 19-item self-report questionnaire that measures how anxious people feel about using computers. The CARS is scored on a 5-point scale, with 1 representing “strongly disagree” and 5 representing “strongly agree.” The total CARS score ranges from 19 (low computer anxiety) to 99 (high computer anxiety).
The CARS was developed in response to the growing use of computers in society. As computers became more prevalent, it became clear that some people experienced anxiety when using them. The CARS was designed to be a tool for measuring this anxiety and to help researchers and clinicians understand its causes and effects.
The CARS has been used in a variety of research studies to examine the relationship between computer anxiety and a number of factors, including age, gender, education, computer experience, and job type. The CARS has also been used to evaluate the effectiveness of computer training programs and to develop interventions for reducing computer anxiety.
The CARS has been found to be a reliable and valid measure of computer anxiety. It has good internal consistency (alpha = 0.88) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.85). The CARS has also been found to be valid in terms of its ability to predict performance on computer tasks.
The CARS is a useful tool for researchers and clinicians who are interested in understanding and addressing computer anxiety. It can be used to assess the level of computer anxiety in individuals and groups, and it can be used to identify factors that contribute to computer anxiety.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Introduce the CARS to the participant and explain the purpose of the assessment.
- Ask the participant to read each statement carefully and indicate their level of agreement on a 5-point scale, with 1 representing “strongly disagree” and 5 representing “strongly agree.”
- Provide the participant with a copy of the CARS and allow them to complete the questionnaire at their own pace.
- Once the participant has completed the questionnaire, collect the questionnaire and score it according to the instructions provided.
Reliability and Validity
The Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS) has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of computer anxiety.
Reliability refers to the consistency of the CARS scores. The CARS has been found to have good internal consistency, meaning that the items on the scale tend to measure the same thing. The CARS has also been found to have good test-retest reliability, meaning that people tend to get similar scores on the CARS when they take it twice in a short period of time.
Validity refers to the accuracy of the CARS scores. The CARS has been found to be valid in terms of its ability to predict performance on computer tasks. Studies have shown that people with higher CARS scores tend to perform worse on computer tasks than people with lower CARS scores.
Available Versions
19-Items
Reference
- Heinssen, R. K., Glass, C. R., & Knight, L. A. (1987). Development and validation of the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 3(2), 165-174.
- Richardson, D. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (1991). The Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS): Reliability and validity. Computers in Human Behavior, 7(3), 259-270.
- Lim, M. H., & Morris, M. G. (2004). Toward a more comprehensive conceptualization of computer anxiety: A review of the literature and proposal of a four-dimensional model. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 5(8), 296-326.
- Heo, J. Y., Lee, D. H., & Lee, S. H. (2012). The effects of self-efficacy and computer anxiety on the learning of computer programming. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 715-722.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the CARS?
The Computer Anxiety Rating Scale is a 19-item self-report questionnaire that measures how anxious people feel about using computers.
How is the CARS scored?
The CARS is scored on a 5-point scale, with 1 representing “strongly disagree” and 5 representing “strongly agree.” The total CARS score ranges from 19 (low computer anxiety) to 99 (high computer anxiety).
What are the different dimensions of computer anxiety?
The CARS was originally developed to measure three dimensions of computer anxiety: affective anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and behavioral anxiety. Later research has shown that the CARS can also be used to measure a fourth dimension of computer anxiety: physiological anxiety.
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